Computer Network Types

Computer Network Linked

A computer network consists of two or more computers that are interconnected with each other using a different medium of communication. Computer networks can be highly beneficial for organizations in several ways. A computer network is a group of computers that are linked together. These networks can be classified into three major types: LAN, WAN, MAN, and CAN.

 Local Area Network(LAN)

LAN stands for Local Area Network and is a network that covers a small area such as one building or a group of buildings within the same campus. The most common type of LANs is Ethernet and Wi-Fi. As the area network covered by LAN is limited, the data transmission speed in LAN is very fast and can be easily maintained. In the case of LAN, the computer terminals are directly connected to each other through wires. When computer systems are connected without wires in a local area network, it is called  WLAN.

Wide Area Network(WAN)

WAN stands for Wide Area Network and is the largest type of computer network in the world. This type of network covers an extended geographic area such as countries, states, or even continents. The most common WANs are DSL, Cable Modem, T1, and T3 lines. The world that we see consists of large constituents even the turn of all these constituents is different from each other. This is a challenging situation here in the engineers trying to develop a network that will provide uninterrupted network connectivity. WAN provides satellite best communication and the signals can penetrate remote areas thereby providing continuous network connectivity. WAN provides internet connectivity through satellite communication channels.

 Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)

 The Metropolitan Area Network is spread across a city as compared to LAN, it covers a wider area. The computer in a MAN network can be connected through wires as well as throw wireless communication mediums. ATM machines of a specific Bank installed at a different location in a city are examples of MAN. This ATM machine can share data with other ATM machines and can also share data with the central computer that is installed in the main branch of the bank.

Personal Area Network(PAN)

PAN is used for establishing communication among devices such as laptops, mobile phones, etc. This type of network is suitable for home users.PAN generally covers a range of up to around 10 meters. Wireless channels can be used for establishing a connection between different devices. We can use these networks to transfer different types of files.

CAN stands for Campus Area Network which is a network that connects buildings within the same campus but not across campuses to each other. CANs can be wired or wireless depending on their setup and purpose.

What is a Computer Network Architect?

A computer network architect is a professional who designs and manages the installation of computer networks. They typically have a degree in Computer Science or Software Engineering and many years of experience in the field. They are responsible for configuring, installing, and maintaining all hardware, software, and firmware.

What does a computer architect do?

A computer architect is a specialist in the design of large-scale integrated circuits. They work to develop new computer systems and architectures that improve on existing ones. It's important for them to understand the limitations and strengths of various technologies so that they can create the most efficient system possible. A computer architect is someone who designs and implements new or improved computer systems or architectures. They are typically well-versed in the limitations and strengths of various technologies so that they can create the most efficient system possible.

What is computer network architecture and how does it work?

Computer network architecture is the way in which a network of computers is organized. The first significant computer networks were developed in the 1960s. These networks were mostly confined to academia and consisted of large mainframes that could be accessed by terminals in various locations. Computer network architecture can be divided into layers.

What are the qualities of a computer network architect?

A computer network architect is a person who designs and builds networks that interconnect computing devices. To be successful, they must develop skills in a variety of different fields such as computer networking, telecommunications, data communications, and systems administration. Network architects must take into account the overall roadmap of a business to put together plans that are both cost-effective and deliverable. They may also need to create and maintain the physical network, oversee the installation of servers, networks, and cabling, ensure connectivity with public networks like the Internet, monitor server performance, and implement and manage security measures for data protection, among other duties.

Why is it important for a network architect to work in the office?

Network architects should be in the office to help with the initial design of network infrastructure, system administration, and integration with new technologies. This is because being in the office will provide more direct access to equipment and resources from vendors. In this way, the architect will be able to have better control over equipment and network performance.

What are the advantages of network architecture?

Network architecture provides convenience and security for the network. With this, the network can be accessed from anywhere in the world while maintaining privacy and security. This is because the internet is a bunch of computers connected together with cables, wires, and other devices. So if one computer gets hacked or broken into, the hacker can access it and get information on all of them at once.

Topology

Network Topology refers to the arrangement of various components of a network in a way that facilitates easy communication. Before you start with the arrangement of network components, it is important to define how the information will flow between these components this is called logical topology. The arrangement of network components is called physical topology.

Network topologies are categorized into basic types:

Point to point

Out of all the available network topologies, this topology is very popular as it is simple to use. It is used to establish direct communication between two network components like computers, routers, hubs, etc. A direct link can be established using wired and wireless technologies.

Bus Topology

Star Topology 

Ring Topology

TreeTopology

Mesh Topology

Peer-to-Peer Network

Client Server Architecture

Creating a computer network involves several steps to ensure that devices can communicate and share resources efficiently. Here's a step-by-step guide to setting up a basic local area network (LAN):

Step 1: Define Your Network Purpose

Before you start building your network, determine its purpose. Are you creating a home network for sharing files and printers, a small business network, or something else? Understanding your network's goals will help you make informed decisions during the setup process.

Step 2: Choose the Network Topology

Decide on the network topology you want to use. The most common topologies are bus, star, ring, and mesh. For simplicity, let's choose the star topology, where all devices connect to a central hub or switch.

Step 3: Gather Necessary Hardware

You'll need the following hardware components:

Computers (laptops, desktops)

Network devices (router, switch, hub)

Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi adapters

Network interface cards (NICs) for each computer if not built-in

Power sources and surge protectors

Step 4: Plan IP Addressing and Subnetting

Determine whether you'll use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to automatically assign IP addresses or configure them manually. If using DHCP, make sure your router or server is set up for it. If configuring manually, plan a unique IP address for each device in your network and decide on a subnet mask.

Step 5: Set Up the Central Hub/Router

If using a router, connect it to your modem (if applicable) and power it on. Access the router's web interface using a web browser and configure its settings, such as WAN (Wide Area Network) configuration and LAN IP address. Enable DHCP if you plan to use it.

Step 6: Connect Devices

Connect each device to the central hub or switch using Ethernet cables. Make sure the devices are powered on and their NICs are functioning correctly. If you're using Wi-Fi, configure each device to connect to the network by entering the Wi-Fi SSID and password.

Step 7: Configure Network Settings on Devices

For devices with manual IP configurations, set their IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and DNS servers based on your earlier planning. For devices using DHCP, ensure they are set to obtain IP addresses automatically.

Step 8: Test Network Connectivity

Check if devices can communicate with each other and access the internet. Ping commands can help diagnose connectivity issues.

Step 9: Share Resources

If necessary, configure file and printer sharing on your network. This might involve setting up shared folders or enabling printer sharing on specific devices.

Step 10: Implement Network Security

Set up security measures like WPA/WPA2/WPA3 encryption for Wi-Fi, change default login credentials for your router, enable a firewall, and configure access control lists (ACLs) to restrict access to certain resources.

Step 11: Document Your Network

Create documentation that includes network diagrams, IP address assignments, login credentials, and any other relevant information. This documentation will be invaluable for troubleshooting and future network expansion.

Step 12: Regular Maintenance

Perform routine maintenance tasks, such as updating firmware/software, monitoring network traffic, and addressing security vulnerabilities.

Remember that network complexity can vary significantly depending on your specific needs and the scale of your network. For larger networks or more advanced configurations, consider consulting with a network professional.

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